Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency

Parametric analysis of the influence of vertical reinforcement of soil bases with rigid elements on increasing the deformation modulus and structural stability

Roman SAMCHENKO — 2025-03-28

This paper is dedicated to investigating the impact of vertical reinforcement of soil bases with rigid elements on enhancing the deformation modulus and overall structural stability. The primary objective is to establish optimal reinforcement parameters, including the selection of rigid element materials, to ensure increased bearing capacity and reduced base deformations. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of reinforcing elements made from various materials (reinforced concrete, steel, soil-cement, composite materials) is conducted, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages.

The study employs analytical calculation methods, a comparative analysis of existing experimental results, an examination of regulatory documentation, and empirical models to assess the effectiveness of different reinforcement techniques (soil mixing piles, jet grouting, composite reinforcement, metallic elements).

To obtain the results, a comparison of the influence of various reinforcement types on the increase in the soil deformation modulus was performed. It was found that soil mixing pile technology allows for an increase in the deformation modulus by up to 70%, while the application of jet grouting more than doubles it. It was established that composite materials exhibit low corrosion susceptibility but are inferior in terms of elastic modulus to steel reinforcing elements. Optimal application areas for different reinforcement technologies are proposed based on soil type and operational conditions.

The scientific novelty of this research lies in the systematic analysis of the influence of vertical reinforcement with rigid elements on the change in the deformation modulus of soil bases, which allows for the development of optimal parametric recommendations for foundation design in various geotechnical conditions.

The obtained results can be utilized in the design of foundation bases, contributing to a more effective solution to the problem of ensuring the stability of buildings and structures in complex engineering-geological conditions.

Modern trends in the application of pvc window systems and methods of organizing and executing window structure installation in construction

Alexander OSIPOV — 2025-03-28

Технологічний розвиток будівельної галузі України останнім часом характеризується як дуже динамічний, набуваючи ознаки розвинутої та високо продуктивної сфери людської діяльності. Масштаби промислового та цивільного будівництва мають стійку тенденцію до збільшення, що обумовлює збільшення обсягів монтажу віконних конструкцій та які, з урахуванням потреб повоєнного оновлення промислової та цивільної забудови та інфраструктурних об’єктів, можна охарактеризувати як великомасштабні. В зазначених умовах виникає потреба у наукових обґрунтуваннях можливих напрямків вдосконалення процесів монтажу віконних конструкцій, які покладаються в основу вдосконалення систем і технологій влаштування віконних конструкцій в умовах прогнозованого великомасштабного будівництва та відновлення будівель і споруд. Для встановлення прогнозованих напрямків розвитку віконних систем і технологій, потрібно дослідити основні тенденції їхнього розвитку у минулому.

The technological development of the construction industry in Ukraine has recently been characterized as very dynamic, taking on features of a developed and highly productive sphere of human activity. The scale of industrial and civil construction shows a stable trend of increase, which leads to a rise in the volume of window structure installations. Considering the needs for post-war renewal of industrial and civil construction and infrastructure projects, these installations can be characterized as large-scale. In this context, there is a need for scientific justification of possible directions for improving the processes of installing window structures, which form the basis for enhancing systems and technologies for arranging window structures in the context of anticipated large-scale construction and the restoration of buildings and structures. To establish the anticipated directions for the development of window systems and technologies, it is necessary to investigate the main trends in their development in the past. It has been established that the main trends in the application of window structures include, firstly, the replacement of construction materials for window systems (wood with aluminum, plastic, composites, sheet construction glass with double glazing) to introduce new construction materials; secondly, the complexity of the structural solutions for window structures (from single-leaf wooden systems to multi-contour systems) to significantly improve their thermal performance as enclosing structures; and, thirdly, the transfer of main assembly operations from the construction site to the factory (from assembly using construction blanks to the installation of window structures of maximum readiness) to radically improve the quality of window enclosures. The state regulatory requirements and foreign experience regarding the application of modern window systems, including PVC profile window systems, have been examined. It has been established that the process of installing window structures is currently characterized as labor-intensive (involving many heterogeneous operations) and is predominantly performed manually. Therefore, the further development of window system installation technology is possible based on the introduction of optimal technologies-low-operation window systems of increased factory readiness in the context of long-term construction flow.

Modern preconditions for the use of PVC profile window systems in the restoration of architectural monuments.

Alexander OSIPOV — 2025-03-28

The protection and preservation of architectural monuments, as significant elements of Ukraine's cultural heritage, is a highly relevant task, especially in the context of the post-war recovery of the country. The state register of immovable monuments of Ukraine lists over 20,000 architectural heritage sites, highlighting the scale of the restoration problem. In this context, the restoration of window structures in architectural monuments constitutes an unreasonably high share of the total restoration volume, primarily due to their frequent destruction during military actions.

These conditions raise questions about the justification for the possibility of using modern window systems and technologies that ensure highly productive restoration of window structures in the shortest possible time. The preconditions for the application of modern window systems and technologies include a nationwide and social need for large-scale reproduction of window structures in architectural monuments in the shortest time, high quality and energy efficiency of these systems, as well as the technological nature of the installation process, the technique of which ensures the preservation of the identity of load-bearing wall structures and architectural elements, as well as the decoration of facades and interiors.

Experience in the restoration of architectural monuments in our country and abroad demonstrates positive examples of using modern window systems, including those made from PVC profiles. It has been established that due to the high degree of factory readiness and quality of PVC profile window structures, their technological efficiency, and energy effectiveness, the use of modern window systems can ensure the execution of the projected restoration program for architectural monuments with high technical and economic indicators. The introduction of PVC window structures necessitates the development of a system of organizational and technological solutions for their installation, which meet the requirements for the restoration of architectural monuments and possess high technical and economic indicators.

Analysis on the current status and influencing factors of building energy consumption in China

Cheng YULONG — 2025-03-28

Based on the current status of building energy consumption in China, this paper analyses the main influencing factors of building energy consumption and explores strategies and measures to reduce building energy consumption. Through literature review and data analysis, the study found that due to the accelerated level of social and economic development, the total energy consumption of China's buildings has continued to grow. After the country raised energy-saving standards and adopted energy-saving technologies, the energy intensity showed a downward trend. China has a vast territory, with significant climate differences between the east, west, south and north, and the energy demand for heating in winter and cooling in summer is different. The main influencing factors of building energy consumption include the level of economic development. Building energy consumption is positively correlated with the level of economic development, but the growth rate of energy consumption is often lower than the economic growth rate, which reflects the effect of technological progress and energy-saving measures. Population size and urbanization. China's continuously growing population size and rapid urbanization process have led to the continuous expansion of building scale and the continuous increase in building energy demand. Climate conditions. The northern region is cold in winter, and heating energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of building energy consumption; while the southern region is hot in summer, and cooling energy consumption is relatively high. Building scale and structure. The size of the building and the building structure system have a direct impact on energy consumption. The larger the building area, the higher the total energy consumption. There are also energy-consuming equipment and technology. The promotion and application of energy-consuming equipment has significantly reduced building energy consumption. Through the above analysis, measures to improve energy efficiency are proposed, such as improving the policy and regulatory system, promoting energy-saving technologies and products, optimizing building design and construction, and strengthening operation management and maintenance. The research results can provide a reference for the formulation of building energy-saving policies and measures.

Energy efficient direction of organizational and technological design in increasing the reliability of buildings

Maryna POLTAVETS — 2025-03-28

The article presents an improved general methodology of organizational and technological design aimed at increasing the energy reliability of the process of erecting residential buildings. The expediency of taking into account energy factors at the early stages of organizational planning, which allows to ensure not only high efficiency of construction, but also to increase the energy efficiency of the future facility, has been substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the methodology for forecasting the timing of the construction of residential buildings using the probabilistic-statistical approach, which allows reducing the level of uncertainty in planning the terms and increasing the accuracy of work schedules. The influence of the intensity of work in the calendar planning on the overall reliability of construction and installation processes has been studied, the limit values of permissible deviations in the rhythm of work performance, which ensure the stability of the schedule, have been determined. Practical recommendations for optimizing organizational and technological design have been developed aimed at reducing the degree of risk of the contractor, in particular in conditions of limited resources, seasonal fluctuations and tight deadlines. Methods for improving energy efficiency at different stages of building construction – from design to commissioning – are considered separately. The conceptual foundations of the introduction of energy-efficient technologies in the practice of modern construction are theoretically substantiated. It has been proved that the combination of energy efficiency principles with modern methods of organizational and technological design helps to increase reliability, reduce energy consumption, optimize construction process management and reduce technical and organizational risks in the implementation of residential projects.

Increasing the performance characteristics of Aerated Concretes through the use of composite additives

Kateryna MISHUK — 2025-03-28

The article examines the prospects for improving the performance of non-autoclaved aerated concretes through the use of mineral and chemical composite additives. The relevance of using such modifiers is substantiated in the context of modern construction requirements, particularly under conditions of intensive urban development and the urgent need for rapid housing restoration. It has been established that the incorporation of microsilica, metakaolin, finely ground blast-furnace slag, superplasticizers, and hardening accelerators contributes to the formation of a dense, uniform, and thermally stable microstructure of the cement matrix, which significantly affects the operational properties of the final material.

Experimental studies have shown that the use of these additives enables a substantial reduction in the water-to-cement ratio (down to 0.31–0.33), a 4–5-fold decrease in shrinkage, lower thermal conductivity, and a 2.3–2.8-fold increase in compressive strength compared to the control sample. The most effective results were achieved by combining microsilica with a superplasticizer and a hardening accelerator, which ensured the formation of a stable fine-pored structure with evenly distributed pores measuring 20–200 μm. The formation of dense inter-pore partitions was observed, which improved thermal insulation and reduced water absorption.

The obtained results confirm the feasibility and practical effectiveness of such technological solutions for the production of energy-efficient, durable, and lightweight next-generation construction materials. The use of modified non-autoclaved foam concrete is especially relevant for enclosing structures, construction in severe climatic conditions, restoration of damaged housing stock, and fast-erecting buildings with enhanced thermal and energy efficiency requirements.

Analysis of technological features of using assembly machines and mechanisms in the construction of large-span buildings

Volodymyr RASHKIVSKYI — 2025-03-28

This article presents an analysis of the technological features of the use of assembly machines and mechanisms in the construction of large-span buildings over the past seventy years. The technical characteristics of modern machines and mechanisms involved in the processes of lifting ultra-heavy and oversized structures have also been analyzed. According to the principles of organizational and technological structuring and the classification of assembly methods, mobile and limited-mobility cranes are involved in the processes of pre-lifting enlargement of roofing structures on assembly stands, followed by the lifting of large-span roof blocks to their design elevation marks. Pre-lifting assembly and lifting of roofing blocks to the level of the column heads of the frame are carried out using cranes by the method of free lifting with pulling. Non-mobile installation mechanisms are involved exclusively in technological processes for moving assembled roofing blocks from the level of the assembly stands to the design height by methods of forced lifting (moving) through pulling or pushing. In the present circumstances, during the construction of new or the reconstruction of war-damaged large-span reinforced concrete and metal structures in densely built-up areas, the movement of mobile and limited-mobility cranes along the external perimeter of construction sites is restricted and often impossible. Mobile cranes can only move within the internal space of the building under construction, between the columns of the supporting framework, and can be used in the processes of pre-lifting assembly of large-span roof structures. The movement of fully assembled structural and technological blocks of roof coverings from the level of the assembly stands to the level of the column heads in densely built-up areas can be carried out by non-mobile assembly mechanisms, which use the supporting columns as vertical guides and bearing surfaces in the technological processes of roof construction.

Calculation of welded shell structures under dynamic loading

Valeriy MAKARENKO — 2025-03-28

Today, a topical issue is the calculation of shell structures at risk of corrosion cracking, which should be carried out according to the permissible bearing load based on the strength of the critical stresses that cause the appearance and development of a corrosion crack at the maximum permissible depth of a corrosion crack or crack type defect. The usual calculation of the bearing load of structures made of ductile materials, including low-carbon steels, is carried out without taking into account the final weld stresses according to the permissible stresses. As a rule, the actual cracks detected, in the presence of which the devices still remain stable, exceed the calculated ones. This is due to the appearance, as a rule, not of single cracks, but of a series of cracks, which leads to de-concentration of stresses and an increase in critical crack sizes. Calculations using fracture mechanics in the presence of a series of cracks require both scientific and experimental substantiation. However, from the above example calculation, it follows that residual stresses can dramatically reduce the critical size of a corrosion crack.

Along with the considered approach, taking into account the advantages and limitations discussed earlier for predicting the serviceability of welded structures with initial non-failures and other defects, it is advisable to use calculations based on the methods of fracture mechanics. For this purpose, the expressions for determining the stress intensity factor, material characteristics K1SSC and K1C, as well as the characteristics of crack growth under specific loading conditions should be known. With these data obtained from pilot tests, the following tasks can be solved a) to give a comparative assessment of materials according to the criteria of K1SSC and K1C, ceteris paribus, materials with a higher value of these coefficients have greater resistance to fracture; b) based on the values of K1SSC and K1C known for a given material and environment and the value of stresses acting in the structure, calculate the permissible size of crack-like defects, based on the condition of non-propagation of the crack (according to K1C) c) limit the permissible acting stresses based on the known K1SSC and K1C and defects in the structure; d) calculate the failure-free service life of products under specific loading conditions for a given metal-medium pair based on the known critical combination of stresses, defect size and velocity characteristic.

Sensitivity analysis of factors affecting the stability of high fill slopes

Cheng XIAOBING — 2025-03-28

In this study, a systematic analysis of the stability of unsupported tertiary high-fill slopes was carried out using the FLAC3D numerical simulation method, focusing on the nonlinear effects of fill parameters, contact boundary conditions and geometry on the coefficient of safety. The results showed that: Both the fill cohesion and the angle of internal friction showed a marginal decreasing effect on the factor of safety (the growth rate of the factor of safety decreased from 108% to 5.8% when the cohesion was increased from 0 kPa to 40 kPa, and the enhancement efficiency was significantly attenuated after the angle of internal friction exceeded 30°); The contact boundary step height change triggered the slip surface migration mechanism, 1.5m step height formed a localized safety factor recovery anomaly due to the slip surface cutting into the pebble layer, and 3m step width reduced the contact surface shear stress concentration by 65% through stress diffusion; The decrease in the safety factor accelerates when the slope gradient exceeded 45°, and the increase in the width of the unloading platform to 5 m increased the safety factor beyond the critical value of 1.0 by 30.5%. The FLAC3D numerical model realized the visualization prediction of sliding surface migration and stress redistribution, and the critical threshold effect it reveals provided theoretical support for the dynamic construction regulation. The study revealed the threshold effect for the conversion of damage modes of fill slopes, established a stability optimization framework considering the synergistic effect of parameters, and provided a theoretical basis for the design of high-fill slopes based on the regulation of strength parameters, optimization of interface geometry, and platform width proportioning.

Analysis of organizational structure and business process changes in construction companies under the influence of digital technologies

Andrii CHUBIN — 2025-03-28

The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing digitalization of the construction industry, which requires the adaptation of organizational structures and business processes to enhance the resilience of enterprises to external challenges. The absence of a unified information platform and insufficient coordination between departments pose additional risks to effective resource management.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the directions for transforming organizational structures and business processes in construction companies under the influence of digital technologies, focusing on increasing their adaptability, productivity, and resilience to external challenges.

The research methodology is based on the use of system analysis methods to assess the impact of digital technologies on organizational structures, predictive modeling to identify effective data management tools, and comparative analysis to determine optimal solutions in resource management.

The scientific novelty lies in the proposed comprehensive approach to the transformation of organizational structures in construction companies based on the integration of automated platforms, predictive analysis systems, and resource monitoring tools, which ensures consistency between departments and reduces the risks of overspending.

The study proves that the implementation of a unified digital platform for integrating data from various departments provides centralized resource management and enhances the transparency of operational processes. It has been identified that the main problems include the lack of centralized resource monitoring, a low level of data protection in cloud systems, and insufficient readiness of personnel to use digital tools.

It is concluded that the implementation of predictive analysis systems for risk assessment, automated platforms for material resource management, and tools for monitoring employee productivity will promote consistency between departments, reduce costs, and improve the effectiveness of management decisions.

The prospects for further research are associated with the development of adaptive models of digital transformation for construction companies with an emphasis on integrating artificial intelligence for continuous resource monitoring, risk forecasting, and assessing the effectiveness of management decisions.

Veneration of thermomodified veneer for the protection of wood virobies type of curry

Yuriy TSAPKO — 2025-03-28

The analysis of the process of thermal modification of wood was carried out and it was found that the treatment causes chemical changes in the structures of wood components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose). It has been proven that the thermal modification process causes the decomposition of hemicelluloses and the amorphous part of cellulose, reduces water absorption, and reduces the amount of substances that are a breeding ground for fungi, which leads to increased durability. In addition, lignin and the resulting pseudolignin undergo polymerization and redistribution throughout the cell volume, giving the cell walls greater density, hardness, and increased hydrophobicity (water repellency), thereby reducing their ability to absorb moisture and swell. It was determined that the oak veneer samples gained the most moisture from the environment in the first two days. The weight of unmodified veneer increased by 0.06 g, and similar results were shown by veneer modified at lower temperatures. The thermally modified veneer at 250 °C for 20, 30 minutes and at 280 °C gained 2 times less weight in the first two days - 0.03 g. Over the next 11 days, the control samples gained another 0.09 g, slightly less for samples modified at 160 °C, and modified at 220 °C and above ‒ no more than 0.03 g. Experimentally, it was found that compared to unmodified veneer, which gained 22.41 % moisture in two weeks, veneer modified at 250 and 280 °C gained 2.5 times less moisture – an average of 8.6 %. It was found that as the modification temperature increases to 280 °C, water absorption decreases more than twice. The results of the research will also allow us to target further tasks to create new methods of thermal modification of wood and its operating conditions at various facilities. The results of the research will also allow us to target further tasks to create new methods of thermal modification of wood and its operating conditions at various facilities.

Prospects for improving the color fastness of thermally modified wood

Юрій TSAPKO — 2025-03-28

It is proved that the color of wood tends to darken due to changes in the chemical components of wood, such as the degradation of amorphous carbohydrates during heat treatment at high temperature. Exposure of wood to high temperatures for a certain period of time improves not only its dimensional stability and durability, but also gives it an attractive dark color. The use of heat treatment has significantly changed the values of the color parameters L*, a*, b* in the samples of thermally modified wood. The L* parameter on the end and stratum surfaces was significantly higher (72 for the end surface and 80 for the stratum) in the control samples. As a result of the heat treatment, the L* value decreased significantly at 160 °C, with a treatment duration of 10 hours, to 44 and 47, respectively. The duration of thermal modification has a significant impact on color darkening. We also investigated the effect of different types of paints and varnishes applied to the surfaces of the samples subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures on the color state. A significant darkening of the end surface of the samples thermally modified at 160 °C and at 190 °C for 1 hour during the oil-wax and azure finishes was observed. That is, the color of wood obtained at a low processing temperature can be increased by applying these protective substances and make the material more attractive. The following studies evaluated the color stability of thermally modified wood additionally treated with oil-wax and azure, as well as the adhesion of these protective substances to the surface under the influence of environmental factors. The influence of different types of protective substances on the color of the surface of heat-treated wood was determined. The application of oil-wax and azure to the surface of the samples also affected the darkening of their color. It can be said that heat-treated samples, whose structure has changed compared to conventional wood, show different interactions with the applied materials.

Prospects for real estate development in Ukraine

Anatoliy RADKEVICH — 2025-03-28

The article analyzes the current prospects for real estate development in Ukraine, taking into account global digitalization trends and the challenges of post-war recovery. The main focus is on the need to transform traditional development models by implementing innovative digital solutions, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and automated project management systems. It was determined that the industry remains fragmented, with a low level of digital integration, which hinders the efficiency of investment and construction processes, especially in the context of providing citizens with affordable housing.

The problem statement is the need for a comprehensive approach to the modernization of development projects, taking into account both technical and social aspects, in particular, environmental sustainability and investment transparency. The study analyzes the main barriers that hinder digital transformation, including an insufficient legislative framework, a lack of digital specialists, and a low level of investor confidence in the latest technologies.

A comparative analysis of Ukrainian and European experience in digital development was conducted, and the strengths and weaknesses of each model were identified. Based on the results obtained, a conceptual structural model of a digital development project was developed, which includes the stages of planning, resource management, implementation monitoring, and post-project analysis using digital tools.

It is concluded that the implementation of digital technologies can significantly increase the efficiency, adaptability, and environmental responsibility of development projects. In particular, the proposed autonomous management model allows for reducing project implementation times, reducing costs, and improving the quality of the housing stock.

Using a theoretical and applied approach to determining the optimal strategy of an investment and construction enterprise for the implementation of construction projects

Ihor DVORNICHEN — 2025-03-28

The article defines the theoretical and applied foundations of a strategic approach for the implementation of a construction and investment project in conditions of changes in resource availability.

Taking into account the new complex conditions of Ukraine's location in the world economic space, attracting foreign investments, taking into account the sharp decline in the purchasing power of the national currency and inflation, constant changes in both the internal and external environment of the construction of residential and commercial buildings, there was a need to involve modern mechanisms for studying investment processes using a wide range of economic, mathematical, organizational and technological tools in the assessment and justification of investment and construction facilities. The methods of feasibility study of projects are understood as a combined approach to collecting and processing information about the purpose of their organization, target purpose, resource provision, the nature of future results, as well as the choice of a formalized model that allows converting the processed information into a generalized indicator, using which the project manager makes decisions, assesses the effectiveness of projects and determines priorities for their resource provision.

The functioning of investment and construction activities, its environment in real conditions is unstable, unpredictable, changeable in the choice of the necessary technology and the phasing of construction projects, which complicates the process of construction of real estate objects. Having considered the complex environment of investment and construction projects and scientific works, it should be noted that the analysis and assessment of similar or related projects at different stages of investment and construction activities can prevent many negative impacts of the origin of unstable conditions or uncertainty on the final result of construction activities. At the stage of forming an investment plan and developing a construction project, the most important thing is to take into account factors that could, in the event of destabilizing situations, have a negative impact on the effective and successful process of implementing construction projects as a whole.

In order to ensure that potential developers of residential and commercial real estate can reliably invest their financial resources in a construction project, an applied toolkit for pre-investment selection and decision-making during the ongoing management of project implementation was considered, taking into account factors of changing resource availability and efficiency, achieving a reduction in the risk of probable overestimation of project implementation costs and an increase in construction terms at the stage of initiation and implementation of investment and construction projects. The indicated theoretical and practical results of the presented material can be used to solve the problems of planning, control and ongoing management of the developer's investment and construction activities.

Technological aspects of pavement improvement of bridges and high aquaplaning areas

Armen ATYNIAN — 2025-03-28

The sharp increase in traffic intensity, the constant increase in weight loads on road surfaces, the use of outdated technologies and low-quality construction materials lead to an accelerated deterioration in the operational characteristics of motorways. This results in typical defects such as rutting, potholes, cracks, deformations and aquaplaning, which directly affect road safety. These processes are particularly critical on artificial structures such as bridges and overpasses, where water drainage is limited and geometric conditions are complex. Weather conditions, in particular heavy summer rains and seasonal snowmelt, are an important factor in the increased risk of accidents in areas with inadequate drainage. Areas with an increased likelihood of aquaplaning require special attention, where traditional design and construction methods are ineffective or technically impossible to implement. In such conditions, promising solutions include the use of the latest road construction materials and structures, in particular porous asphalt concrete and geosynthetic materials with drainage properties. They effectively reduce the depth of the water film, increase the coefficient of wheel adhesion to the road and extend the service life of the pavement. The study found that in order to effectively reduce the risk of aquaplaning, it is necessary not only to comprehensively change the geometric parameters of the road surface (increasing slopes, organising longitudinal and transverse drainage systems, installing wells and gutters), but also to introduce innovative types of road surfaces with improved drainage properties. In areas where geometric reconstruction of the road is limited or technically impossible, for example, within urban areas, on bridges or in tunnels, the use of materials with high water permeability and the ability to quickly remove moisture from the surface becomes particularly relevant. During the study, an analysis was carried out of the relationship between pavement roughness, water layer depth and the coefficient of friction. Experimental measurements of wheel adhesion to the surface were performed under various weather conditions, speeds and loads. Traffic scenarios were also modelled for different longitudinal slope angles, pavement types and braking modes. In addition, the results showed that although the initial investment in the use of the latest materials is slightly higher compared to traditional technologies, the total costs of maintenance, repair and elimination of the consequences of road accidents are significantly reduced. The payback of innovative solutions is already observed in the medium term, which confirms the feasibility of their implementation.

Experimental corrosion-mechnical studies of downhole equipment in the oil industry under dynamic loading in an aggressive environment

Valeriy MAKARENKO — 2025-03-28

For the first time, comprehensive experimental studies of full-scale welded assemblies and steel structures under dynamic loading in the presence of a corrosive medium, in particular, 5% salt solution and NACE, an environment in accordance with the requirements of the International Association of Corrosion Engineers, were conducted. The authors of this article have developed a test bench scheme and worked out the expected test modes for welded joints when programming the pressure and temperature of the medium and dynamic vibration modes. All the main components of the installation are a hydraulic pulsator, a thermal chamber, which included pipeline blocks with test welded joints, heating devices, a pneumatic control panel, and a temperature and pressure control unit. The experimental results obtained made it possible to summarize the results, in particular: it was found that in the initial period (number of cycles N = 500), the crack growth rates in air and in 5% NaCl solutions are similar, and in the final period of testing they differ by more than an order of magnitude. Due to the more intense influence of the plane-strained state compared to the plane-stressed state, the crack propagates in depth and only after germination to the full thickness of the sample does its elongation begin. Significant reduction of the test period due to inducing a crack in the specimen with a high stress concentration at the crack tip, which allows for a significant reduction or modification of the initial period. The ability to detect the sensitivity of materials to cracking, which is not detected when testing samples without a concentrator (for example, for pipe steels in seawater). At the same time, the fracture mechanics method, like any other method, has a number of specific limitations on materials, thickness, and environments related to the correct use of fracture mechanics.

Application of innovative tools for effective management of development projects in modern conditions

Dmitry ZYAKHOR — 2025-03-28

The purpose of this study was to consider certain tools for increasing the efficiency of management of investment and development projects and develop practical prerequisites for increasing the performance of construction projects. The main approaches to this study include the use of flexible methods, the use of principles of system analysis for the management of development projects, including innovative technologies, among which Agile, Lean, BIM occupy a significant place.

Leading innovations in development project management have been the introduction of Building Information Modeling (BIM), Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA), Agile, Lean and 3D printing. Such digital technologies have significantly transformed approaches to development projects, offering more integrated and visualized management of construction processes. A digital integrated platform uses digital building models that contain accurate geometric and technical data about all elements of the structure, which allows all project participants, from architects and engineers to builders and customers, to work together on a single information platform. This contributes to better planning, coordination, forecasting of results, cost optimization, as well as effective resource management at all stages of construction. Thanks to the use of this technology, it is possible not only to reduce the number of errors at the stage of physical implementation of projects, but also to significantly reduce the time and costs associated with construction.

Modern innovative and digital tools are not only a technology, but also a strategic tool that allows development companies to approach construction innovatively, while ensuring high return on investment and meeting customer needs. The use of certain digital tools in the management of existing construction projects also contributes to the globalization of the construction services market, allowing companies to easily adapt to international projects and standards, which is a great advantage in the face of constantly increasing competition.

Research on the optimization of the construction process through the digitalization of construction projects

Oleksandr KOBELCHUK — 2025-03-28

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of digital technologies on the optimization of the construction process in conditions of unstable financing or lack of resources and to formulate practical recommendations for their effective implementation. The research methodology included an analysis of current trends in the field of digital solutions, in particular, building information modeling (BIM), Internet of Things technologies, artificial intelligence, digital twins and cloud platforms. The possibilities of integrating these technologies to improve the planning, construction and operation of facilities, as well as their impact on increasing the efficiency of resource management, were considered. Real-world case studies were conducted, including the implementation of BIM technology in the ASTON HALL project by DEHAUSS, which confirmed the significant potential of digital technologies. The Crossrail project was also considered, where BIM technologies ensured effective coordination between contractors, as well as digital twins abroad, which are used to manage urban resources.

The study showed that BIM technologies contribute to reducing errors in design and construction, improving coordination between project participants and reducing costs. Internet of Things technologies provide real-time monitoring of the condition of construction materials and equipment, which increases safety and reduces the risk of downtime. The use of artificial intelligence allows predicting potential delays, optimizing logistics and automating management processes. The main problems of digitalization of construction remain the high cost of technology implementation, the need for personnel training, difficulties in integrating software platforms and cybersecurity issues.

At the same time, benefits such as process automation, increased accuracy of load calculations and energy efficiency, optimization of resource supply and improved control over construction projects confirm the strategic importance of digital solutions in the development of the construction industry. The results of the study showed that a comprehensive approach to the implementation of digital technologies, adaptation of construction processes and effective integration of digital platforms can significantly increase the productivity of construction projects, especially in conditions of unstable supply of construction resources.

Features of managing the parameters of construction projects using precast concrete

Andrey BLONNY — 2025-03-28

The article provides for the consideration and definition of the methodological basis for determining the time parameters of the delivery of reinforced concrete structures at the stage of the current implementation of a construction and investment project in conditions of external changes.

Known optimization methods for reducing the construction period of complex development objects with precast concrete involve the use of parallel methods on two or more technologically similar works with an increased flow reduction period. In the areas of scientific research, examples of balancing installation work by using special and universal machines with specialized specialists or complex teams were given, and technical and economic indicators were determined for the optimization performed.

When considering construction projects by customers - investors of construction projects, they usually consider a traditional approach to investment design, where the investment and construction project is considered as "an object of a financial transaction, which is associated with the distribution of financial receipts and expenditures over time". Accordingly, the essence of investment design within the framework of traditional practice is reduced to the projection of logistical flows of the construction of the facility into the future for the duration of the investment period and the total construction period.

The use of precast concrete in construction projects leads to increased time and cost efficiency. The production procedure takes place at a distance from the facility, which allows for simultaneous execution of tasks and minimizes the duration of construction work on site. As a result, the completion of projects is accelerated and labor costs are reduced.

The purpose of the article is to further study the essence of the impact of the external nature of the investment and construction project, both technological and financial, and the impact of risk on determining the effectiveness of the investment project, regarding the use of precast concrete building structures and structures to manage the risks of implementing investment and construction projects. The achievement of this goal must be considered in relation to decision-making under conditions of uncertainty regarding the time parameters of the project and the projected risk of production costs.

Improvement of organizational and technological solutions considering energy efficiency principles and sustainable development in civil construction

Susanna PASTUKHOVA — 2025-03-28

The article thoroughly considers the key role of modern technological solutions in meeting the urgent need to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in the context of sustainable development. A number of innovative approaches and the latest technological achievements focused on reducing energy consumption, optimizing the operational characteristics of buildings and minimizing the negative impact on the environment are analyzed in detail.

Theoretical and applied aspects of improving organizational and technological solutions in civil engineering from the standpoint of rational use of energy resources, optimization of processes of providing material and technical means, time and labor resources management are considered. Particular attention is paid to the creation of mathematical models that allow taking into account a complex of interrelated parameters – energy consumption, technological sequence, environmental constraints, economic efficiency. Approaches to the integration of models into the processes of design and implementation of construction projects are proposed, with an emphasis on increasing the predictability of results and making informed management decisions.

The results of the study are of practical value for construction organizations, design institutions, scientific institutions, as they make it possible to implement innovative organizational and technological solutions taking into account the requirements of sustainable development. The developed approach can be used to increase the efficiency of construction management at all stages of the object life cycle, contributing to increasing the competitiveness of the industry in the context of global transformations.

As a result, the decisive importance of scientific and technological progress and innovation in achieving energy goals, as well as the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the introduction of energy efficient technologies, is emphasized.

Methods for improving the operational quality and reliability control of energy-consumptive buildings using intellectual data analysis

Vladyslav PASTUHOV — 2025-03-28

The article explores the possibilities of using intelligent data analysis technologies (Data Mining) to assess the operational efficiency of modern buildings characterized by high energy consumption and information saturation. A typical set of DM methods is considered, their advantages and limitations are classified, and the criteria for choosing algorithms depending on the analysis objectives are substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the role of large volumes of operational data as a source for identifying hidden patterns in the operation of engineering systems and finding opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of buildings.

It is emphasized that traditional methods of technical supervision and assessment of the condition of buildings do not always provide for the prompt detection of potentially dangerous defects or irrational energy consumption. The complexity of diagnostics is due to the variability of design solutions, the influence of external factors and the complexity of interpreting data without appropriate digital tools.

In this context, the need to implement modern instrumental reliability control systems capable of functioning at all stages of the building life cycle - from commissioning to maintenance and reconstruction is substantiated. The combination of continuous monitoring of structural elements with methods of intelligent data analysis makes it possible to significantly increase the level of safety and manageability of objects, reduce maintenance costs, and extend the period of their reliable operation.

Research on the influence of technological factors on the quality indicators of cement-lime plaster Siltek RM-10

Volodymyr BASARAB — 2025-03-28

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of technological factors on the quality indicators of the installation of cement-lime plaster Siltek PM-10. Technological factors varied at the following levels: X1 – concentration of surface priming with Siltek E-100 primer – 50±50%; X2 – surface humidity – 1.4±0.8%; X3 – mobility of the mortar mixture – 8±1 cm. The processing of the experimental results was performed in the COMPEX-99 ODABA software package. The normalized indicators of Siltek PM-10 cement-lime plaster at a 28-day age were taken to be compressive strength of more than 2.5 MPa, tensile strength when bending of more than 1.2 MPa, and adhesion strength to the base of more than 0.3 MPa.

The adhesion strength of the plaster surface of 0.3 MPa was obtained at a humidity of 2.2% with a mobility of the mortar mixture of 8 cm at the studied concentrations of the primer. When the humidity of the base is 0.6% with a mobility of the mortar mixture of 8 cm, the required values of adhesion strength are achieved with priming from 0% to 11.6% and from 87.5% to 100%. Satisfactory adhesion to surfaces made of expanded clay concrete blocks with a mortar mobility of 8 cm was obtained in the absence of priming and with a primer concentration of 100% with a humidity of 0.6% to 0.84% and from 1.68 to 2.2 or with a primer concentration of 50% with a humidity of 2.12% to 2.2%. Accordingly, with a mobility of the mortar mixture of 7 cm on bases with a primer concentration of 0% and 100%, the necessary adhesion is achieved on surfaces with a humidity of 1.47% to 2.2%, and if the primer concentration is 50%, then the humidity is from 2.07% to 2.2%. For a mobility of 9 cm on expanded clay concrete surfaces with a primer concentration of 0% and 100%, the bond strength is more than 0.3 MPa on surfaces with a humidity of 1.38% to 2.2%, and if the primer concentration is 50%, then the humidity is from 1.9% to 2.2%.

Investigation of the Use of Iron Oxide Compounds in Powder Coating Materials

Oles LASTIVKA — 2025-03-28

A significant cost factor in the production of these iron-containing compounds is the use of expensive precursors and energy resources during synthesis. Therefore, replacing chemically pure heavy metal salt precursors with spent technological solutions—generated in large volumes at metallurgical and electroplating plants—can address this issue. The processing of such solutions to obtain valuable commercial products is considered a promising approach. This study presents the results of employing the ferritization method. A distinctive feature of the research is the use of energy-efficient ultrasonic treatment of the reaction mixture. Its advantages over traditional thermal activation methods are demonstrated. The influence of different oxidizing agents and activation methods on the ferritization process and the structural properties of the resulting precipitates has been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of feroxyhyte (δ-FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) phases in the ferritization products. It was established that ultrasonic treatment combined with hydrogen peroxide addition at a concentration of 2.5 ml/dm³ results in a precipitate consisting exclusively of the magnetite phase. The obtained ferritization precipitates reliably encapsulate iron ions within their crystalline structure, effectively isolating them from the environment. It was noted that the precipitate containing iron oxyhydroxide phase exhibited significant iron ion leaching in aggressive environments: 5.67 mg/kg in acidic and 0.83 mg/kg in alkaline conditions. The research results indicate the potential use of these ferrimagnetic compound-containing precipitates in the production of powder coating materials. Implementing the improved ferritization process in industrial applications may reduce energy consumption compared to conventional waste treatment technologies.

Optimization of the investment portfolio during the reconstruction of housing facilities

Anatoliy GOYKO — 2025-03-28

The article substantiates the criteria for the expediency of investing in the reconstruction of housing facilities. The analysis of the market value of residential buildings for a number of regional centers of Ukraine is carried out, the priority pricing characteristics that determine the stochastic relationship with changes in the housing cost index are determined. A methodological approach to assessing the possibility of obtaining an economic effect from the implementation of housing reconstruction projects has been proposed.

A special indicator for justifying investment decisions for the restoration of obsolete housing stock has been substantiated, It is an index of the ratio of housing costs in the secondary and primary markets, and should be lower than one for objects, the reconstruction of which will provide a certain positive economic effect. An analysis of the market value of residential buildings for a number of regional centers of Ukraine was performed, priority pricing characteristics were identified, which determine the stochastic relationship with changes in the housing cost index. The practical significance of the obtained linear regression dependence and the possibility of its use without territorial localization were proven. A methodology for optimizing the investment portfolio in the reconstruction of the housing stock has been developed, the essence of which is to construct and solve an optimization problem. Its constraints are based on the results of a statistical analysis of local secondary real estate markets. The primary indicators of the risks of not achieving the planned economic effect from the implementation of capital investment projects in the reconstruction of the housing stock of economically developed regional centers have been clarified. Promising directions for using optimization solutions for designing artificial intelligence systems aimed at ensuring the maximum social and economic effect of housing reconstruction have been identified. It has been proved that neglect of the proposed optimization solutions will lead to waste, depreciation of investments due to the lagging behind the increase in the market value of the renovated housing stock from the amount of additional costs for major repairs and reconstruction. The prospects for further research of the problem of optimizing the portfolio of investments in the reconstruction of the housing stock in the form of interval assessments of price-forming characteristics of land improvements and the methodological tools necessary for this are outlined – the theory of fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, algorithms of fuzzy logical conclusion.

Methodological approach to tvaluating investment provision for innovations

Anton MAKSIUTA — 2025-03-28

This article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing investment support of innovation activities in the context of a transforming economy. The relevance of the topic lies in the growing necessity to enhance the effectiveness of financing mechanisms for innovation, which play a crucial role in ensuring sustainable economic growth and strengthening the competitiveness of the national economy.

The study proposes an original methodological approach to evaluating investment provision for innovations. This approach is based on a systems analysis of the interrelation between sources of financing, the innovation potential of enterprises, and institutional investment conditions. The proposed methodology incorporates both macroeconomic and microeconomic perspectives and takes into account the dynamic nature of innovation ecosystems.

The paper examines the key components of investment support, including internal (e.g., own resources of the enterprise) and external (e.g., government support, venture capital, bank loans, grants, institutional investors) funding sources. A comprehensive evaluation structure is suggested, which integrates qualitative and quantitative indicators. These indicators allow for a detailed analysis of investment flows, risk levels, the degree of innovation readiness of business entities, and the efficiency of implemented innovation projects.

Particular attention is given to indicators of investment attractiveness and the institutional capacity of regions to support innovation. The approach enables a regional differentiation of investment conditions, highlighting asymmetries and structural bottlenecks that may impede innovation development at various territorial levels.

The practical significance of the research lies in the applicability of the proposed methodology for designing innovation financing strategies at both micro and macro levels. The results obtained can be used by enterprises, investors, and government authorities to make informed management decisions in the field of innovation policy. Moreover, the approach contributes to improving the monitoring of the effectiveness of public policies aimed at fostering innovation and can serve as a tool for strategic planning in national and regional innovation systems.

Еcologically ensuring imperatives of innovative development of construction enterprises

Myroslava ZINCHENKO — 2025-03-28

This article delves into the eco-security imperatives as fundamental strategic components of innovative development amid intensifying global environmental challenges and the ongoing transformation of economic and technological systems. It emphasizes that sustainable innovation should be grounded not only in the pursuit of technological advancement but also in the systemic integration of ecological priorities aimed at preserving natural ecosystems, ensuring environmental safety, and reducing the anthropogenic burden on the environment. The research outlines the theoretical and methodological foundations of eco-oriented innovation policy, advocating for the transition to sustainable development models such as the green economy, circular production systems, eco-efficiency, and environmentally responsible design practices.

The paper underscores the necessity of a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to innovation, in which environmental concerns are not secondary but rather embedded in the core logic of economic and technological progress. In this context, particular attention is paid to the role of state environmental policy, ecological responsibility of businesses, institutional mechanisms for ecological governance, public-private partnerships, and the formation of ecological consciousness and culture within society.

Barriers to the integration of environmental imperatives into innovation strategies are identified, including the fragmentation of environmental legislation, insufficient investment in green technologies, low levels of environmental education and awareness, and the lack of incentives for environmentally sound practices. The article also presents promising directions for fostering eco-innovations, such as the creation of green innovation clusters, investment in sustainable infrastructure, implementation of environmental management systems, and strengthening the role of environmental criteria in technological evaluation and policy planning.

The study concludes that eco-security imperatives must become an essential part of national and global innovation strategies. They should not be treated as regulatory constraints but rather as catalysts for a new wave of sustainable technological progress that ensures a balanced interaction between the economy, society, and the natural environment.

The essence of innovation activity and directions of its implementation in the construction industry of Ukraine

Liubov ZGALAT-LОZYNSKA — 2025-03-28

The article provides a thorough investigation of the theoretical, regulatory and applied elements involved in understanding the nature of innovation in the construction industry. It substantiates the urgency of transitioning to an innovation-oriented model of economic development that takes into account the needs of Ukraine's post-war reconstruction, infrastructure modernization and increased competitiveness of construction enterprises. The genesis of the term 'innovation' and the evolution of its interpretation in economic science, as seen in the works of J. Schumpeter, N. Kondratiev, P. Drucker, K. Christensen and other scholars, is revealed. The semantic differences between the concepts of 'innovation', 'innovation' and 'innovation', as well as their role in shaping the logic of the innovation process, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the legislative framework within which innovation activity is carried out in Ukraine. The author identifies significant differences in the interpretation of the category 'innovation activity' in the Ukrainian laws 'On Innovation Activity' and 'On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity', the Commercial Code of Ukraine, and official statistical reporting. The author emphasises the lack of a coherent approach to defining the essence of innovation activity, criteria for its identification and forms of support, which complicates the formation of a coherent State policy in this area and limits the practical possibilities of enterprises to confirm the innovative status of their products or processes. The author's own definition of innovation activity is formulated and its forms inherent in the construction industry are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to specifying the forms of innovative activity in construction, which include innovative design and survey work, introduction of new technologies for construction, installation, restoration and reconstruction, use of new building materials and structures, modern equipment and software.

Science and education in times of war: current state and prospects for innovative development

Tetyana IVANOVA — 2025-03-28

The article explores the current challenges of functioning and transformation of the education and science system in Ukraine under the conditions of full-scale war. The impact of Russian military aggression on the institutional capacity of the educational and scientific sector, access to knowledge, preservation of human capital, and the effectiveness of state policies for support and recovery in this field is analyzed.

A significant number of educational and research institutions have been destroyed or damaged, while millions of students have been forced to flee abroad, switch to distance learning, or suspend their education altogether. Simultaneously, scientific institutions and higher education establishments have faced funding cuts, brain drain, and reorientation of research priorities in response to emerging security challenges.

Despite the difficult circumstances, science and education remain among the key drivers of socio-economic resilience, national security, and post-war recovery in Ukraine. The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of academic publication output in Ukraine during 2017–2023, revealing a downward trend largely caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing war with Russia.

The study examines the dynamics of public and local budget expenditures on education, identifying the main reasons for shifts in financial priorities in supporting scientific and educational activities, including funding for research and development, educational programs, and grants. Emphasis is placed on the growing role of alternative funding sources such as international donor aid, philanthropic initiatives, and private sector involvement.

An analysis of international experience in implementing innovative approaches to financing education and science highlights the need for increased investment to foster the innovative development of high-tech sectors. The experience of countries with high levels of innovation (e.g., Israel, Sweden, the United States, Belgium) is examined, demonstrating the importance of adapting their models of resource provision and stakeholder cooperation to the Ukrainian context under martial law.

Particular attention is given to promising models of financing diversification in Ukraine, including public-private partnerships, the establishment of social investment funds, student loan schemes, and grant-based support for learners and researchers.

The article emphasizes that one of the key strategic directions should be the diversification of funding sources and the strengthening of the legal and regulatory framework to ensure transparency, protection of intellectual property, fair competition, and the minimization of corruption risks. The conclusion underscores that intellectual capital – including education, skills, and innovation – forms the foundation of Ukraine’s long-term competitiveness.