Theoretical aspects of the genesis of human capital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2023.52(3).188-195Keywords:
human capital, economic growth, professional development, investments, education, competitivenessAbstract
The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical aspects of the genesis of human capital, its definition, and its role in the modern economy. The evolution of the concept of "human capital" is analyzed, considering the contributions of leading economists such as G. Becker, T. Schultz, D. Coleman, P. Romer, R. Barro, and J. Heckman. Particular attention is given to the impact of investments in human resources on labor productivity, income levels, and the competitiveness of the national economy. The transformation of views on the category of human capital throughout the development of economic science is identified, as well as the formation of an understanding of its significance for society and the state.
The article emphasizes that human capital is not merely an accumulation of knowledge and skills but also a complex set of investments in health, social connections, motivation, and cultural values that contribute to improving labor quality and economic well-being. The concept is considered on three levels: the individual level, which includes personal abilities and qualifications; the microeconomic level, which reflects the impact of human capital on business performance; and the macroeconomic level, which determines its contribution to national development.
It is emphasized that human capital is a critically important factor for economic growth and the innovative development of the state. Accordingly, strategic investments in education, health, and the development of social resources form the foundation for increasing productivity, competitiveness, and overall societal well-being. It is determined that further research is needed to expand methodological approaches to assessing and managing human capital to develop effective state development strategies in the context of globalization and contemporary challenges.
The article identifies the risks associated with the development of human capital in our country at the present stage, particularly the negative impact of martial law on education, the structure of the labor market, workforce qualifications, and the presence of large-scale migration processes in Ukraine.
Additionally, the destruction of educational infrastructure, the temporary suspension of the educational process, and the decline in its quality also negatively impact the development of human capital. The necessity of strengthening state support for education and professional development is emphasized, as it is crucial for restoring and enhancing human capital in the post-war period.
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Управління трудовим потенціалом [Текст] : навч. посіб. / В.С. Васильченко, А.М. Гриненко, О.А. Грішнова, Л.П. Керб. – К .: КНЕУ, 2005. – 403 с. Текст з екрана: http://buklib.net/books/31304/.
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