Construction project as a complex multi-level socio-technical system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2026.57(2).139-151Keywords:
construction project, socio-technical system, multi-level structure, functional subsystems, life cycle, process dynamics, structural-functional integration, project managementAbstract
A construction project is interpreted as a complex multi-level socio-technical system that integrates structural, functional, and process components within a unified management model. Its systemic nature is determined by the multiplicity of stakeholders involved, the multi-channel character of resource and information flows, and its openness to the influence of the external environment. Such an approach makes it possible to consider a construction project not merely as a set of technological operations, but as a dynamic organizational structure capable of adaptation and self-regulation.
The structural dimension of the project encompasses the hierarchy of management levels–strategic, tactical, and operational–as well as the configuration of key participants among whom coordination and responsibility relationships are established. Multi-level organization determines the complexity of authority distribution and the necessity of aligning decisions across management levels. The functional dimension reflects the interaction of financial, technical, logistical, informational, and control subsystems that ensure the implementation of investment and construction objectives. Project effectiveness depends on the degree of their integration and synchronization.
The process dimension characterizes the sequence of life cycle phases–from initiation to completion–and the mechanisms for transforming resources into final results. Planning, implementation, monitoring, and adjustment processes form a closed management loop operating on the basis of feedback. System adaptability is ensured through the use of digital coordination tools, risk management instruments, and scenario analysis. The socio-technical nature of the project is manifested in the interaction between human potential and technological infrastructure. The alignment of social and technical subsystems creates the prerequisites for stable functioning under conditions of uncertainty. The integration of structural, functional, and process characteristics establishes a methodological foundation for enhancing the effectiveness of managing complex investment and construction programs.
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